Biology 101, Chapter 4, The 5th Day – Avian Creatures

In addition to Biology 101:
►Birds
• Apologia Biology Exp. 16.1, Bird Embryology (Video below that I plan to use for this.)
• Apologia Biology Exp. 16.2, Bird Identification (2 parts to this)  We will do everything at home and used this worksheet.
- List of Birds of North Carolina, grouped by category
• 10 videos by BBC on The Life of Birds - These total over 8 hours.  We will watch #2, "Mastery of Flight" and use this accompanying worksheet for assistance in choosing a bird for a report the next day.
Be aware that there is evolutionary content in these videos.

►Insects
• Apologia Biology Exp. 12.2, Insect Classification
--A helpful link - BugGuide.net  Look through these pages, or click an insect in the box on the left.
--Tips for collecting and mounting insects at Applie's Place.  Scroll to the list of requirements this blogger gave her class.  There are several more links below that as well.
Another way to do the Killing Jar.

►Additional websites:
- Beneficial Insects
- What's that Bug?

The Avian Kingdom

(1) The Life of Birds: Mastery of Flight
►Full length video - this is Day 1 of a 2-day assignment.
Embedding disabled, please watch here.
--accompanying worksheet to use in assistance for choosing a bird for a report the next day.
Please ignore the references to adaption.  How would animals live before adapting???



(2) Birds are in the class Aves (AY-vees).
Think of aviation to help you remember how to pronounce aves.  =)
How wings work:




(3) Bird Flight animation




(4) Webcams
►Usually in the spring at Norfolk Botanical Gardens, there is a live web feed of Eagles and Eaglets.  Watch a couple of videos and read more at Sahm-I-Am.  Also video from previous owl webcam.



(5) Bird Embryology (Apologia Biology Exp. 16.1)


►Not for the faint of heart -- Atlas of Avian diseases; study bird embryos.



(6) AMAZING!  How weaver birds make their nests.




(7) How an Egg is Made




(8) Honey Guide Bird

Flying Invertebrates

Insects have an exoskeleton rather than an outer skeleton.  So they do not have a backbone which means they are invertebrates.
They also have jointed legs, which means they are arthropods.  (pod = foot, kind of like pedal.)

(9) Class Insecta



(10) Grasshoppers breathe through spiracles, tiny holes along the abdomen.  There is one on each section.  In this video, they look like little dark dots.
Order Orthoptera




(11) Complete and Incomplete Metamorphosis
Embedding was disabled for these videos, so click on a link to watch.
►If you click the first link, they will continue to play in order.  11-12 minutes total.  (They are numbered like they are in the playlist.)

Complete Metamorphosis: 4 stages:  egg, larva, pupa, adult
Simply amazing!!!
63. Monarch butterfly laying eggs
64. Monarch caterpillar growing
65. Monarch caterpillar changing into chrysalis
66. Monarch butterfly metamorphosis

►Monarch or Viceroy? (not a video)
How to tell the difference between a Monarch butterfly and a Viceroy?
The difference is the additional black line that goes across the hind wings of the Viceroy.  Monarch butterflies are bitter because of what they have eaten, so birds will avoid Viceroys as well as Monarchs, not realizing they are different.

Incomplete Metamorphosis: 3 stages:  egg, nymph, adult
67. Preying Mantis  Order Orthoptera
68. Preying Mantis life cycle

(12) Whirligig Beetles

(13) Life Cycle of Honey Bees
Order Hymenoptera:  Ants, Bees, and Wasps ("social" insects - live in colonies)




(14) Grasshopper Dissection



Extras if you need more.
►Another grasshopper dissection.  Part 1,  Part 2. (about 14 min total)
Just glanced at it, but seems to have more vocabulary, so it depends on what exactly you are wanting to learn about insects.

►Insect External and Internal Structures and Functions (16 min)

Biology 101, Chapter 3, The 5th Day - Aquatic Creatures

In addition to Biology 101:
►Vertebrates:
• Apologia Biology Exp 13.1 Perch Dissection (another great image)
--We ordered our dissection kits from Home Science Tools.  Our worms in the kits were mostly flattened, so I requested new ones and received them in just a few days, round and plump!
• Write a report on any Aquatic Creature (also draw and label)

►Invertebrates:
• Apologia Biology Exp 12.1 Crayfish Dissection
--Crayfish dissection worksheet and appendage table
--another image of crayfish internal organs
--also see Applie's class's crayfish dissection
--See our crawdad the girls found shortly after doing this chapter in Apologia.
• Write short reports on organisms in Subkingdom Protozoa: amoeba, euglena, and paramecium (also draw and label)
--How to pronounce euglena. Also type in paramecium, etc.
• You can also make edible trilobites!  We didn't since half of my class had already done that in General Science M8.

►Links to more dissections

I assigned the written reports above to take the place of the field trip and essay assigned in Biology 101.  We also allow 4 weeks per chapter instead of 3 weeks.




(1) Terminology

• Dorsal - referring to the back, or it might seem to be the top if the animal is not upright like a human, but it is its back.  Like a dorsal fin on the back of a fish.
• Ventral - referring to the front, or belly-side of an organism.
• Anterior - in front of, or the end that contains an organism's head.
• Posterior - in back of, or the end that contains an organism's tail.

(Source)

A shark has two dorsal fins.  This means they are on its back.  There is an anterior dorsal fin and a posterior dorsal fin.  The anterior is toward the head and the posterior is toward the tail.
Something can also be "anterior to" another body part, meaning it is in front of it, and "posterior to" another body part would mean it is in back of it.

Aquatic Vertebrates

(2) Osteichthyes (bony fish)
Perch anatomy - exterior and interior




►You can also watch Shark anatomy!



(3) Agnatha (jawless fish) are a type of cartilage fish.
Lol, Agnatha talked so much, her jaw deteriorated.
One type of Agnatha is the Lamprey.  ewwww! 

Aquatic Invertebrates

Invertebrates have an exoskeleton rather than an outer skeleton.  So they do not have a backbone, thus the name invertebrate.

Some invertebrates are also arthropods.  Arthropod means jointed leg or foot.
All the creatures below are invertebrates.  Which of these invertebrates are also arthropods?


(4) Crayfish Anatomy part 1
Please ignore the evolutionary references.




(5) Crayfish Anatomy part 2




(6) Crayfish Swimming, trying to catch food.
Growing up, I always called these crawdads.  =)




(7) Lobster




(8) Shrimp




►See baby shrimp being born around 0:50 seconds.


(9) Beautiful Crab at Costa Rica

►Watch this crab run!



"Barnacles (see images) are crustaceans that have jointed legs and shells of connected overlapping plates. Instead of crawling after food, they glue themselves to rocks, ships, pilings  abalones, and maybe even whales and wait for food to wash by. When barnacles are under water or when a wave washes over them, they reach out little feathery barbed legs to strain out plankton and absorb oxygen."
(source)

(10) Barnacles "sweeping" the water to gather any plankton floating about.



(11) Amoeba Dinner!
Watch this amoeba eat.  It uses its pseudopod locomotion to move and to engulf its prey.  To begin with, everything moves slowly until the prey realizes it is caught!



►See more images of amoebas!


(12) Euglena, from a pond




(13) Euglena's movement by whirling its flagella, and by drawing its cytoplasm into the central region of the cell, then re-extending itself forward.




(14) A paramecium moves by beating the tiny "hairs" on its edge.  These are called cilia.
Paramecia have an oral groove where they take in food.  You can see the oral groove around 40 seconds when it starts turning over several times.
The little "blobs" throughout are food vacuoles.  After a paramecium takes in food through the oral groove, it pinches off a little section with the food inside it.  This is now a food vacuole, and it will move to other parts of the paramecium, taking food to its whole body.



(15a) Octopus Camouflage!  This is incredible!


(15b) Watch it in reverse


Octopus videos from ScienceFriday.com